{"id":53712,"date":"2024-10-07T08:00:32","date_gmt":"2024-10-07T06:00:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/?p=53712"},"modified":"2025-09-17T07:36:19","modified_gmt":"2025-09-17T05:36:19","slug":"when-and-how-to-start-coding-with-kids","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/de\/blog\/when-and-how-to-start-coding-with-kids\/","title":{"rendered":"When and How to Start Coding With Kids"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>If you are a parent yourself, an expecting parent, a grandparent, godparent, teacher or just a friend of children, this blog post will leave you with enough knowledge to understand **when** and **how** to start coding with children. I hope you enjoy learning about this as much as I did!<!--more--><\/p>\n<p>Coding with children is a topic close to my heart. This has four main reasons:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>I did not have any coding opportunities growing up. My family had nothing to do with coding, neither did my friends. Also, we did not have computer science or coding classes at school. I would very much like this to be different for other children, including my own.<\/li>\n<li>I love learning and teaching! You might have seen that from my GitHub projects or my voluntary work at the German initiative <a href=\"https:\/\/ki-macht-schule.de\/\">\u201cKI macht Schule\u201c<\/a> where we teach AI to kids in German schools.<\/li>\n<li>I have always been fascinated by how the brain works. That&#8217;s why I studied cognitive science in my undergraduate degree. The human brain is at the center of all our cognitive abilities, including learning. Therefore, we must understand how it functions and develops to understand how to improve learning and how to teach coding to children.<\/li>\n<li>I love kids! I have spend a lot of time with children: after school working as an Au-Pair in London, professionally working at kids events and <a href=\"https:\/\/ki-macht-schule.de\/\">\u201cKI macht Schule\u201c<\/a> and at home with my own children.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_79_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\"><p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\"><\/p>\n<\/div><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/de\/blog\/when-and-how-to-start-coding-with-kids\/#Images-in-this-post\" >Images in this post<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/de\/blog\/when-and-how-to-start-coding-with-kids\/#Motivation\" >Motivation<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/de\/blog\/when-and-how-to-start-coding-with-kids\/#Logical-thinking\" >Logical thinking<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/de\/blog\/when-and-how-to-start-coding-with-kids\/#Problem-solving\" >Problem solving<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/de\/blog\/when-and-how-to-start-coding-with-kids\/#Creativity\" >Creativity<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/de\/blog\/when-and-how-to-start-coding-with-kids\/#Perseverance\" >Perseverance<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/de\/blog\/when-and-how-to-start-coding-with-kids\/#Should-all-children-learn-how-to-code\" >Should all children learn how to code?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/de\/blog\/when-and-how-to-start-coding-with-kids\/#Brain-development\" >Brain development<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/de\/blog\/when-and-how-to-start-coding-with-kids\/#The-brain\" >The brain<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/de\/blog\/when-and-how-to-start-coding-with-kids\/#Neuroplasticity\" >Neuroplasticity<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/de\/blog\/when-and-how-to-start-coding-with-kids\/#Brain-development-at-birth\" >Brain development at birth<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/de\/blog\/when-and-how-to-start-coding-with-kids\/#Brain-development-0-4-years\" >Brain development 0-4 years<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/de\/blog\/when-and-how-to-start-coding-with-kids\/#Sources\" >Sources<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/de\/blog\/when-and-how-to-start-coding-with-kids\/#When-and-how-to-start\" >When and how to start<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/de\/blog\/when-and-how-to-start-coding-with-kids\/#Overview\" >Overview<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/de\/blog\/when-and-how-to-start-coding-with-kids\/#Age-4\" >Age 4<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/de\/blog\/when-and-how-to-start-coding-with-kids\/#Age-6\" >Age 6<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/de\/blog\/when-and-how-to-start-coding-with-kids\/#Age-9\" >Age 9<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/de\/blog\/when-and-how-to-start-coding-with-kids\/#Platforms-tutorials-etc\" >Platforms, tutorials, etc.<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/de\/blog\/when-and-how-to-start-coding-with-kids\/#Robots-and-devices\" >Robots and devices<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\" href=\"https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/de\/blog\/when-and-how-to-start-coding-with-kids\/#Bee-Bot\" >Bee-Bot<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-22\" href=\"https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/de\/blog\/when-and-how-to-start-coding-with-kids\/#Cubelets\" >Cubelets<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-23\" href=\"https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/de\/blog\/when-and-how-to-start-coding-with-kids\/#Micro-bit\" >Micro:bit<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-24\" href=\"https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/de\/blog\/when-and-how-to-start-coding-with-kids\/#Zumi\" >Zumi<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-25\" href=\"https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/de\/blog\/when-and-how-to-start-coding-with-kids\/#Raspberry-Pi\" >Raspberry Pi<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-26\" href=\"https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/de\/blog\/when-and-how-to-start-coding-with-kids\/#Others\" >Others<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-27\" href=\"https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/de\/blog\/when-and-how-to-start-coding-with-kids\/#Visual-programming\" >Visual programming<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-28\" href=\"https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/de\/blog\/when-and-how-to-start-coding-with-kids\/#Scratch-Junior\" >Scratch Junior<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-29\" href=\"https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/de\/blog\/when-and-how-to-start-coding-with-kids\/#Scratch\" >Scratch<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-30\" href=\"https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/de\/blog\/when-and-how-to-start-coding-with-kids\/#Blockly\" >Blockly<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-31\" href=\"https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/de\/blog\/when-and-how-to-start-coding-with-kids\/#Code-Club-World\" >Code Club World<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-32\" href=\"https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/de\/blog\/when-and-how-to-start-coding-with-kids\/#More-visual-programming-offers\" >More visual programming offers<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-33\" href=\"https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/de\/blog\/when-and-how-to-start-coding-with-kids\/#Textual-programming\" >Textual programming<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-34\" href=\"https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/de\/blog\/when-and-how-to-start-coding-with-kids\/#Code-Combat\" >Code Combat<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-35\" href=\"https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/de\/blog\/when-and-how-to-start-coding-with-kids\/#Hedy\" >Hedy<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-36\" href=\"https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/de\/blog\/when-and-how-to-start-coding-with-kids\/#Traditional-programming-languages\" >Traditional programming languages<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-37\" href=\"https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/de\/blog\/when-and-how-to-start-coding-with-kids\/#Online-and-on-site-classes\" >Online and on-site classes<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-38\" href=\"https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/de\/blog\/when-and-how-to-start-coding-with-kids\/#More-ideas-to-start-coding\" >More ideas to start coding<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-39\" href=\"https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/de\/blog\/when-and-how-to-start-coding-with-kids\/#Screen-free-offers\" >Screen-free offers<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-40\" href=\"https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/de\/blog\/when-and-how-to-start-coding-with-kids\/#Other-offers\" >Other offers<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-41\" href=\"https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/de\/blog\/when-and-how-to-start-coding-with-kids\/#How-children-learn\" >How children learn<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-42\" href=\"https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/de\/blog\/when-and-how-to-start-coding-with-kids\/#Learning-set-up\" >Learning set-up<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-43\" href=\"https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/de\/blog\/when-and-how-to-start-coding-with-kids\/#Learning-sessions\" >Learning sessions<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-44\" href=\"https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/de\/blog\/when-and-how-to-start-coding-with-kids\/#Supporting-children-in-their-learning\" >Supporting children in their learning<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-45\" href=\"https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/de\/blog\/when-and-how-to-start-coding-with-kids\/#Conclusion\" >Conclusion<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Images-in-this-post\"><\/span>Images in this post<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>All images in this post containing children were generated using Open AI&#8217;s <a href=\"https:\/\/openai.com\/index\/dall-e-3\/\">Dall-e 3<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Motivation\"><\/span>Motivation<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Learning to program is not just about learning a skill for a job. It&#8217;s more about being enabled to create anything you can imagine: stories, art, animation, music, websites, and more. Coding allows us to create things that we like and even have fun doing it!<br \/>\nOf course, there are also obvious advantages like improved career opportunities. Coders are constantly in high demand, and a coder can earn a high income compared to their peers. In addition, children acquire valuable skills while learning to code. We will take a look at a few of these skills as examples.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-53742 \" src=\"https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/coding_is_fun-1024x585.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"518\" height=\"296\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/coding_is_fun-1024x585.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/coding_is_fun-300x171.png 300w, https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/coding_is_fun-768x439.png 768w, https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/coding_is_fun-1536x878.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/coding_is_fun-400x229.png 400w, https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/coding_is_fun-360x206.png 360w, https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/coding_is_fun.png 1792w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 518px) 100vw, 518px\" \/><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Logical-thinking\"><\/span>Logical thinking<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Coding helps children develop logical thinking skills by breaking down complex problems into smaller, more manageable parts. They not only learn how to solve a problem, but they will be able to explain how and why they solved it that way. This skill is essential in everyday life as it helps us make structured decisions and solve problems in a more efficient way.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-53770\" src=\"https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/logical_thinking-300x300.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/logical_thinking-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/logical_thinking-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/logical_thinking-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/logical_thinking-400x400.png 400w, https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/logical_thinking-650x650.png 650w, https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/logical_thinking-360x360.png 360w, https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/logical_thinking.png 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Problem-solving\"><\/span>Problem solving<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>While kids are writing code, they are forced to solve errors that come up with their program (what we call debugging). So they develop problem-solving skills by understanding how to analyze, debug and troubleshoot code. These skills can be applied to everyday life situations and are invaluable in any career.<\/p>\n<h3><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-53778\" src=\"https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/problem_solving-300x300.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/problem_solving-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/problem_solving-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/problem_solving-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/problem_solving-400x400.png 400w, https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/problem_solving-650x650.png 650w, https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/problem_solving-360x360.png 360w, https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/problem_solving.png 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/h3>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Creativity\"><\/span>Creativity<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Coding helps children develop their creativity by allowing them to express themselves through code. It encourages them to think outside the box and come up with unique solutions to problems. In other words: it creates room for innovation.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-53746\" src=\"https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/creativity-300x300.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/creativity-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/creativity-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/creativity-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/creativity-400x400.png 400w, https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/creativity-650x650.png 650w, https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/creativity-360x360.png 360w, https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/creativity.png 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Perseverance\"><\/span>Perseverance<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>We all know that coding is challenging. Not every solution is simple or straightforward. Perseverance is the ability to keep moving towards an end goal, even when the path is difficult. With the right encouragement, children will learn to try again when they fail. As a parent\/tutor\/friend\/&#8230; make sure to celebrate both their wins and their failures. Specifically, praise their *effort* independent of the result! An example would be something like: \u201cWow, you tried really hard to solve this problem and did not give up. That&#8217;s fantastic!\u201c<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-53744\" src=\"https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/coding_is_hard-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/coding_is_hard-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/coding_is_hard-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/coding_is_hard-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/coding_is_hard-400x400.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/coding_is_hard-650x650.jpg 650w, https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/coding_is_hard-360x360.jpg 360w, https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/coding_is_hard.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Should-all-children-learn-how-to-code\"><\/span>Should all children learn how to code?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>In my opinion: Yes, but not for the sake of becoming future computer programmers. We really don\u2019t know programming will look like in the future. It&#8217;s changing rapidly at the moment with new GenAI tools popping up every week. However, what we <em>do<\/em> know with a reasonable amount of certainty is that computational thinking (which is gained through learning how to code) will remain relevant and in demand.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Brain-development\"><\/span>Brain development<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>As mentioned in the beginning, the brain sits at the center of all our cognitive abilities, including learning. Therefore, to understand what cognitive abilities children have at different ages, we need to understand how their brain develops. Don&#8217;t worry: this is not going to be a neuroscience lecture. We will only look at the very basics of brain development and how they are related to the topic of coding with children.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The-brain\"><\/span>The brain<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>In case you didn&#8217;t know: The brain is the most complex part of the human body. It controls thought, memory, emotion, and much more. The brain can be divided into sections that specialize in different functions. However, regions of the brain interact a lot. When performing a task, it&#8217;s usually a whole network of brain regions functioning together as a whole. For our topic, it&#8217;s important to understand that different parts of the brain (and hence different functions) mature at different ages.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-53752 \" src=\"https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/functions_of_the_brain.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"475\" height=\"432\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/functions_of_the_brain.png 716w, https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/functions_of_the_brain-300x273.png 300w, https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/functions_of_the_brain-400x364.png 400w, https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/functions_of_the_brain-360x327.png 360w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 475px) 100vw, 475px\" \/><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Neuroplasticity\"><\/span>Neuroplasticity<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>When talking about brain development one of the key terms is neuroplasticity. While in some species brains are mature at birth, the human brain matures over many years. In other words: brain development is a life-long process! This means that as the brain develops, it can be influenced by our interactions with the environment. During the early years when the brain is growing most rapidly, it shows a lot more plasticity than during later years. This is especially true up to ages 3\u20134, where the brain is more reactive to environmental influences than in later development. Consequently, this time lays the foundation for the rest of our lives! We, as parents\/teachers\/caregivers\/&#8230; can support optimal brain development through positive influences such as responsive caregiving, appropriate stimulation, diverse learning experiences, etc.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Brain-development-at-birth\"><\/span>Brain development at birth<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>When a child is born, the brain already has about 100 billion neurons and an average of 2,500 synaptic connections per neuron. Isn&#8217;t that amazing? (Side note: synapses are the connections between neurons. They are the pathway along which neurons pass on signals).<\/p>\n<p>At birth, the brain reaches 25% of adult size. Newborns have basic reflexes for survival, e.g. rooting, sucking, startle, grasp. However, they don&#8217;t show any directed actions yet.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-53766\" src=\"https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/girl_one_week-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/girl_one_week-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/girl_one_week-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/girl_one_week-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/girl_one_week-400x400.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/girl_one_week-650x650.jpg 650w, https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/girl_one_week-360x360.jpg 360w, https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/girl_one_week.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Brain-development-0-4-years\"><\/span>Brain development 0-4 years<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The brain develops &#8222;from the bottom up&#8220;. The &#8222;primitive&#8220; areas of the brain like the brainstem already develop during gestation and in the early months after birth. Also motor reflexes and sensory abilities, including hearing and vision, are fairly well developed at birth and undergo rapid maturation during the first 6 months of life. The limbic system, which is associated with the emotional processing and emotional regulation, and the cortical areas, associated with cognitive and executive functions, develop over the first 3 years.<\/p>\n<p>Other areas mature over much longer periods. For example, synapses in the neocortex, which controls higher cognitive functions, develop throughout the years of middle childhood and do not attain their final organization until late adolescence.<\/p>\n<p>By the age of 4, the brain grows to 80% of adult size. Until this age, children are not capable of learning how to code or understand computational principles.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-53754\" src=\"https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/girl_18_months-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/girl_18_months-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/girl_18_months-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/girl_18_months-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/girl_18_months-400x400.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/girl_18_months-650x650.jpg 650w, https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/girl_18_months-360x360.jpg 360w, https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/girl_18_months.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Sources\"><\/span>Sources<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Brain structure:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.hopkinsmedicine.org\/health\/conditions-and-diseases\/anatomy-of-the-brain\">John Hopkins Medicine &#8211; &#8222;Brain Anatomy and How the Brain Works&#8220;<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ninds.nih.gov\/health-information\/public-education\/brain-basics\/brain-basics-know-your-brain\">NIH &#8211; &#8222;Brain Basics &#8211; Know Your Brain&#8220;<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/camhsprofessionals.co.uk\/2021\/04\/01\/functions-of-the-brain-%F0%9F%8C%8D\/\">Figure with functions of the brain<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Brain development:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3722610\/\">Article &#8222;Brain Development and the Role of Experience in the Early Years&#8220;<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20240415164225\/https:\/\/extension.umaine.edu\/publications\/4356e\/\">Article &#8222;Children and Brain Development: What We Know About How Children Learn&#8220;<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/Child-Development-Third-Practitioners-Adolescents\/dp\/1606239090\">Book &#8222;Child Development: A Practitioner&#8217;s Guide&#8220; (third edition)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/highereducation\/books\/cognitive-neuroscience\/8F1012551AEDA08F284A6D10469166DC#overview\">Book &#8222;Cognitive Neuroscience&#8220; (fourth edition), Chapter 15 (brain development and plasticity)<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"When-and-how-to-start\"><\/span>When and how to start<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><\/h3>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Overview\"><\/span>Overview<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Starting at the age of four, children have sufficient cognitive abilities to start coding. Of course, each child develops differently. Make sure to observe your child to understand how his or her skills are developing and when they might be ready to start coding.<\/p>\n<p>In the overview below we can see that coding can basically be split into four different parts:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>At an early age, starting around 4 years we can get started with basic algorithmic thinking and child-friendly robots<\/li>\n<li>Starting with about 6 years of age, visual programming tools can be used<\/li>\n<li>After reaching the age of 9, children can get started with textual programming<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-53776 \" src=\"https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/overview_when_and_how.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"884\" height=\"277\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/overview_when_and_how.png 1101w, https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/overview_when_and_how-300x94.png 300w, https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/overview_when_and_how-1024x321.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/overview_when_and_how-768x241.png 768w, https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/overview_when_and_how-400x125.png 400w, https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/overview_when_and_how-360x113.png 360w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 884px) 100vw, 884px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>We will look at each age range individually to learn more about the cognitive abilities that have developed at the time.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Age-4\"><\/span>Age 4<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>With about four years of age, we can teach basic algorithmic thinking without any coding whatsoever. You probably know that an algorithm is just a set of rules that describes how to solve a problem or how to perform a task. This principle can be taught with basic questions like \u201cWhich steps would you follow to guide a lost puppy home?\u201c. Exercises like this help children understand step-by-step thinking. They will learn how algorithms function in breaking down tasks into smaller, manageable parts. This enhances their ability to think sequentially and logically.<\/p>\n<p>Further, by the age of about four, a child is likely to have the motor skills and perceptual abilities to begin interacting with simple toys that introduce the very basics of coding. These child-friendly robots are a good tool to get started. Bee-Bot and Cubelets are both excellent examples of child-friendly toy robots that can be programmed. We will take a more detailed look at them in a later section.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-53760\" src=\"https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/girl_age_4-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/girl_age_4-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/girl_age_4-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/girl_age_4-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/girl_age_4-400x400.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/girl_age_4-650x650.jpg 650w, https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/girl_age_4-360x360.jpg 360w, https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/girl_age_4.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Age-6\"><\/span>Age 6<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>As your child gets older and reaches the age of six they become more used to using technology and their eye-hand coordination improves. Also, the prefrontal cortex undergoes a big growth spurt between 5 and 8, which results in vast improvements in working memory, planning, selective attention and inhibition. These are all important skills for coding. So six years is a good age to try out tools for visual programming.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-53762\" src=\"https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/girl_age_6-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/girl_age_6-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/girl_age_6-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/girl_age_6-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/girl_age_6-400x400.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/girl_age_6-650x650.jpg 650w, https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/girl_age_6-360x360.jpg 360w, https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/girl_age_6.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Age-9\"><\/span>Age 9<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>At around the age of nine or ten, children\u2019s language abilities are well developed. Also, typing skills are often sufficient for them to start using text-based languages. At this age the prefrontal cortex matures and stabilized. This means that a child\u2019s executive functions, such as planning, organizing, and thinking abstractly, become more fully developed.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-53764\" src=\"https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/girl_age_8-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/girl_age_8-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/girl_age_8-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/girl_age_8-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/girl_age_8-400x400.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/girl_age_8-650x650.jpg 650w, https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/girl_age_8-360x360.jpg 360w, https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/girl_age_8.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Platforms-tutorials-etc\"><\/span>Platforms, tutorials, etc.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Hopefully, you now have a good idea of what your child can do at different ages. Next, I would like to present some concrete tools to get started with coding. A ton of possibilities exist, so this won&#8217;t be an exhaustive list. Instead, I selected some options that will be presented in more detail and listed further resources at the end.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Robots-and-devices\"><\/span>Robots and devices<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Bee-Bot\"><\/span>Bee-Bot<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>The <a href=\"https:\/\/b-bot.de\/bee-bot\">bee-bot<\/a> is a programmable floor robot designed for children ages 4-7. It costs about 93\u20ac per robot. It can be programmed to move in different directions by pressing the buttons on top of the robot. A bee-bot can remember up to 200 commands!<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-53716\" src=\"https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/bee_bot-300x300.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/bee_bot-300x300.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/bee_bot-150x150.jpeg 150w, https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/bee_bot-768x768.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/bee_bot-400x400.jpeg 400w, https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/bee_bot-650x650.jpeg 650w, https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/bee_bot-360x360.jpeg 360w, https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/bee_bot.jpeg 900w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/youtube.com\/shorts\/kri_1cnRNd4?feature=shared\">This video<\/a> gives a short demonstration:<\/p>\n<div style=\"width: 406px;\" class=\"wp-video\"><video class=\"wp-video-shortcode\" id=\"video-53712-1\" width=\"406\" height=\"720\" preload=\"metadata\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"video\/mp4\" src=\"https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/beebot.mp4?_=1\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/beebot.mp4\">https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/beebot.mp4<\/a><\/video><\/div>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cubelets\"><\/span>Cubelets<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/modrobotics.com\/\">Cubelets<\/a> are small blocks that can be used to introduce physical computing to children. Children can snap together different types of blocks to create their unique robots. These robots will perform actions such as moving or lighting up, depending on their surroundings, such as the distance your hand is from the robot. A nice thing on top: cubelets can be programmed using <a href=\"https:\/\/makecode.microbit.org\/\">MakeCode<\/a>, a visual programming language when a child grows older. A disadvantage of cubelets is their cost: a single block costs around 50\u20ac.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-53750\" src=\"https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/cubelets-300x247.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"247\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/cubelets-300x247.png 300w, https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/cubelets-400x329.png 400w, https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/cubelets-360x296.png 360w, https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/cubelets.png 675w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Short demo video:<\/p>\n<div style=\"width: 640px;\" class=\"wp-video\"><video class=\"wp-video-shortcode\" id=\"video-53712-2\" width=\"640\" height=\"1138\" preload=\"metadata\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"video\/mp4\" src=\"https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/cubelet.mp4?_=2\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/cubelet.mp4\">https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/cubelet.mp4<\/a><\/video><\/div>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Micro-bit\"><\/span>Micro:bit<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>The <a href=\"https:\/\/microbit.org\/get-started\/what-is-the-microbit\/\">micro:bit<\/a> is a small programmable device with an LED display, buttons, and sensors. It can be used to create games, animations, interactive projects, and lots more. It&#8217;s recommended for children aged 8+ years because it involves visual programming using <a href=\"https:\/\/makecode.microbit.org\/\">MakeCode<\/a>. Compared to other devices it is cheap, with the starter bundle costing only 20\u20ac.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-53774\" src=\"https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/microbit-300x280.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"280\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/microbit-300x280.png 300w, https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/microbit-360x336.png 360w, https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/microbit.png 373w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Zumi\"><\/span>Zumi<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.robolink.com\/products\/zumi\">Zumi<\/a> is a tiny buildable self-driving car kit. It&#8217;s recommended for ages 10+ years and can be programmed using Python and Blockly. It&#8217;s quite costly at 170\u20ac per robot but a lot of fun for children. We have used these robots at several kids events here at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/en\">inovex<\/a>.<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-53786\" src=\"https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/zumi-300x284.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"284\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/zumi-300x284.png 300w, https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/zumi-400x379.png 400w, https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/zumi-360x341.png 360w, https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/zumi.png 405w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Raspberry-Pi\"><\/span>Raspberry Pi<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>A <a href=\"https:\/\/www.raspberrypi.com\/\">Raspberry Pi<\/a> is a very small and cheap (86\u20ac for a Raspberry Pi 5) computer that runs Linux. It also provides a set of GPIO (general purpose input\/output) pins, allowing you to control electronic components for physical computing and explore the Internet of Things (IoT). It can be used to learn programming skills, build hardware projects, and do home automation. Because it requires actual coding, it&#8217;s recommended for children who are at least 11 years old.<\/p>\n<h4><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-53780\" src=\"https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/raspberry_pi-300x233.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"233\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/raspberry_pi-300x233.png 300w, https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/raspberry_pi-400x311.png 400w, https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/raspberry_pi-360x280.png 360w, https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/raspberry_pi.png 598w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Others\"><\/span>Others<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>Ozobot: <a href=\"https:\/\/ozobot.com\/\">https:\/\/ozobot.com\/<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Open Roberta: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.open-roberta.org\/\">https:\/\/www.open-roberta.org\/<\/a><\/li>\n<li>CodeBug: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.codebug.org.uk\/\">https:\/\/www.codebug.org.uk\/<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Piper: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.playpiper.in\/\">https:\/\/www.playpiper.in\/<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Arduino: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.arduino.cc\/\">https:\/\/www.arduino.cc\/<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Visual-programming\"><\/span>Visual programming<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Visual programming uses puzzle pieces (or blocks) to represent code concepts like variables, logical expressions, loops, and more. It lets users program without having to worry about syntax or the intimidation of the command line. Several visual programming languages exist. We will look at a few of them below.<\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Scratch-Junior\"><\/span>Scratch Junior<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.scratchjr.org\/\">Scratch Junior<\/a> is a simplified version of Scratch. It&#8217;s a free app (Android, iOS) recommended for children aged 5-7 years. It contains simple drag-and-drop blocks for creating basic programs, but no textual elements.<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-53782 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/scratch_junior-1024x683.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/scratch_junior-1024x683.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/scratch_junior-300x200.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/scratch_junior-768x512.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/scratch_junior-1536x1024.jpeg 1536w, https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/scratch_junior-400x267.jpeg 400w, https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/scratch_junior-360x240.jpeg 360w, https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/scratch_junior.jpeg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Scratch\"><\/span>Scratch<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/scratch.mit.edu\/\">Scratch<\/a> is a free, web-based visual coding interface developed by the Scratch foundation and MIT. It allows kids to create digital stories, games, and animations and contains a lot of possibilities to bring projects to life, including graphics, sounds, and music. It&#8217;s available in more than 70 languages and does not require an internet connection.<\/p>\n<p>Although it&#8217;s primarily meant for kids aged 8 to 16 years, I know adults who still use it for some of their projects. This <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=98awWpkx9UM\">demo video<\/a> might give you a better idea of what Scratch looks like.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-53784 \" src=\"https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/scratch.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"778\" height=\"443\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/scratch.png 1280w, https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/scratch-300x171.png 300w, https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/scratch-1024x583.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/scratch-768x437.png 768w, https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/scratch-400x228.png 400w, https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/scratch-360x205.png 360w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 778px) 100vw, 778px\" \/><\/p>\n<h4><\/h4>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Blockly\"><\/span>Blockly<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/developers.google.com\/blockly\">Blockly<\/a> is a free web library that lets you add a block-based code editor to your app. It&#8217;s the basis of many other block-based languages (e.g. Scratch, MakeCode).<\/p>\n<p>The Blockly editor can represent JavaScript, Python, PHP, Lua, or Dart as interlocking blocks and can export the text form of the code. Compared to Scratch, it&#8217;s more low-level with increased flexibility for creating customized blocks and integrating with other programming languages. It&#8217;s recommended for children that are at least 10 years old.<\/p>\n<h4><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-53722 \" src=\"https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/blockly.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1027\" height=\"307\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/blockly.png 1244w, https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/blockly-300x90.png 300w, https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/blockly-1024x306.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/blockly-768x230.png 768w, https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/blockly-400x120.png 400w, https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/blockly-360x108.png 360w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1027px) 100vw, 1027px\" \/><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Code-Club-World\"><\/span>Code Club World<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/codeclubworld.org\/\">Code Club World<\/a> is a platform created by the Raspberry Pi Foundation. It allows kids to design their avatar, make it dance, and play music. It guides children through learning Scratch, moving on to Python in later lessons. Coherent with the recommendation of the Scratch foundation, children can get started with Code Club World when they reach the age of 8 years.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-53734 \" src=\"https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/code_club_world.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"688\" height=\"364\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/code_club_world.png 1345w, https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/code_club_world-300x159.png 300w, https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/code_club_world-1024x541.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/code_club_world-768x406.png 768w, https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/code_club_world-400x211.png 400w, https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/code_club_world-360x190.png 360w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 688px) 100vw, 688px\" \/><\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"More-visual-programming-offers\"><\/span>More visual programming offers<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>Blockly lessons:\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/blockly.games\/\">Blockly games<\/a>:<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.codecademy.com\/learn\/learn-to-code-with-blockly\">Codecademy<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/studio.code.org\/s\/starwarsblocks\">Code.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li>etc.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pencilcode.net\/\">Pencil Code<\/a>: A programming site and code editor that uses visual programming to draw art, make games, and play music.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.alice.org\/about\/\">Alice<\/a>: From Carnegie Mellon University, free visual programming software with a library of lessons, exercises, projects, etc.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/edublocks.org\/\">Edu blocks<\/a>: A free tool by Anaconda, helps to learn text-based languages like Python or HTML using a drag-and-drop blocks system<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Textual-programming\"><\/span>Textual programming<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Code-Combat\"><\/span>Code Combat<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>With <a href=\"https:\/\/codecombat.com\/\">Code Combat<\/a> students learn real Python, JavaScript, CoffeeScript, C++, Java, or Lua by playing a game from beginning to end. Code combat is available in 190 countries and offers different subscription plans. For example, self-paced (~90\u20ac per year) or guided learning (~200\u20ac per month) with teacher lessons (once, or twice a week dependent on subscription plan).<\/p>\n<p>Officially, Code Combat can be used when reaching the age of 7 years. Personally, I find this a little too early to get started with text-based coding.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-53738 \" src=\"https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/code_combat.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1003\" height=\"513\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/code_combat.png 1838w, https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/code_combat-300x153.png 300w, https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/code_combat-1024x524.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/code_combat-768x393.png 768w, https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/code_combat-1536x786.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/code_combat-400x205.png 400w, https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/code_combat-360x184.png 360w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1003px) 100vw, 1003px\" \/><\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Hedy\"><\/span>Hedy<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.hedy.org\/\">Hedy<\/a> is a gradual programming language. What does this mean? Learning a programming language can be overwhelming since learners have to learn concepts (for example if-else or loops) and syntax (like quotation marks or round brackets) at the same time. In Hedy, concepts are first introduced with little syntax and then refined. So each level adds new concepts and syntactic complexity. This mimics how we learn a language.<\/p>\n<p>At the end of the Hedy level sequence, kids master a subset of syntactically valid Python. Hedy is recommended for ages 10+ years.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-53768 \" src=\"https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/hedy.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"917\" height=\"509\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/hedy.png 1549w, https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/hedy-300x167.png 300w, https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/hedy-1024x569.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/hedy-768x426.png 768w, https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/hedy-1536x853.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/hedy-400x222.png 400w, https:\/\/www.inovex.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/hedy-360x200.png 360w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 917px) 100vw, 917px\" \/><\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Traditional-programming-languages\"><\/span>Traditional programming languages<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>If you\u2019re looking for more traditional programming languages for your child you can best do that with 12 years of age and beyond. Recommended are Python and languages that the World Wide Web is built on, particularly HTML, CSS, and JavaScript. Many options are available. For example:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/projects.raspberrypi.org\/en\/pathways\/python-intro\">RaspberryPi Python Courses<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.udemy.com\/course\/teach-your-kids-to-code\/\">Udemy Python Course<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/projects.raspberrypi.org\/en\/pathways\/web-intro\">RaspberryPi course &#8211; Intro to web development<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Note that trying Python or another textual programming language does not mean you can\u2019t go back to tools like Scratch or switch between them for different purposes.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Online-and-on-site-classes\"><\/span>Online and on-site classes<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tynker.com\/\">Tynker<\/a>: Full platform with visual and text-based coding classes, age 6+ years<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.codewizardshq.com\/\">CodeWizard<\/a>: Online coding classes (Scratch, Python, etc.) for kids and teens ages 8-18<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/code.org\/students\">Code.org<\/a>: Free courses, projects, and teaching materials to learn and teach coding<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/hacker-school.de\/\">Hacker school<\/a>: Online and on-site classes for children aged 11-18 years. No prior knowledge is needed.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/it-for-kids.org\/\">IT4kids<\/a>: Coding classes for schools, grades 3-6<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"More-ideas-to-start-coding\"><\/span>More ideas to start coding<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Local events like <a href=\"https:\/\/www.girls-day.de\/\">GirlsDay<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.devoxx4kids.de\/\">Devoxx4kids<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.codeweek.de\/\">Codeweek<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Offers at local universities and companies.<\/li>\n<li>Coding clubs (in case your child likes coding together with friends and\/or other children): <a href=\"https:\/\/coderdojo.com\/en\/\">CoderDojo<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/codeclub.org\/en\/\">CodeClub<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Screen-free-offers\"><\/span>Screen-free offers<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.robotturtles.com\/\">Robot turtles<\/a>: Programming board game, for kids ages 3-8 years<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/upperstory.com\/turingtumble\/\">Turing tumble<\/a>: Game where you use ramps, bits, gears, and other parts to create mechanical computers that solve logic puzzles<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Other-offers\"><\/span>Other offers<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/earsketch.gatech.edu\/landing\/#\/\">Ear Sketch<\/a>: Students learn to code in Python or JavaScript while composing music (14-18 years)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.playstation.com\/de-de\/games\/dreams\/\">Playstation Dreams<\/a>: This can be used to learn logic concepts by creating (VR) games. Similar to visual scripting.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.minecraft.net\/en-us\">Mindcraft<\/a>: Computer game that can be used to learn about coding principles and logical thinking<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/programmieren.wdrmaus.de\/\">Programmieren mit der Maus<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/sonic-pi.net\/\">Sonic Pi<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How-children-learn\"><\/span>How children learn<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>In the past years, I have researched and learned a lot about how humans learn. Some of these principles also apply to children so I would like to share some of the main points.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Learning-set-up\"><\/span>Learning set-up<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>No matter at what age you introduce children to coding, one key element is empowering them to create things that are relevant to them. They should be allowed to follow their interests. Above all else, coding should be a fun activity for kids! Therefore, it&#8217;s important to make learning entertaining.<\/li>\n<li>Children benefit from having a variety of learning experiences. For example, you can use real-life situations to explain concepts like loops, etc.<\/li>\n<li>Don&#8217;t be afraid to switch tracks if your child is not enjoying their work! It can take a while to find the right path for you and your kid. Take your time and don&#8217;t be afraid to make changes.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Learning-sessions\"><\/span>Learning sessions<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>To improve learning outcomes it can be helpful to use spaced learning. This means that we distribute learning sessions over time. A single, long lesson is usually less effective than multiple, shorter lessons. Having multiple (shorter) sessions helps to transfer knowledge to our long-term memory. Also, it prevents cognitive fatigue.<\/li>\n<li>In addition to spaced learning, encourage active recall testing. For example, ask questions to encourage your child to actively retrieve learned information!<\/li>\n<li>How long should a session be? There is no &#8222;one size fits all&#8220; answer to this question. We know that attention spans increase with age. Make sure to observe if your child is still focused and enthusiastic about continuing the session.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Supporting-children-in-their-learning\"><\/span>Supporting children in their learning<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Be patient! For example, use words of encouragement to keep a child going if they\u2019re struggling.<\/li>\n<li>This goes hand in hand with encouraging your child to try new things. Keep praising your child for trying new things, not only for succeeding!<\/li>\n<li>Learn together with your kids! You could make learning a family activity and sit down yourself to improve your coding skills. Another idea is to let your child be the expert sometimes, explaining concepts to you instead of the other way around.<\/li>\n<li>Show an interest in what your child is doing and learning. Engage with the child to learn more about the project they are working on.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Conclusion\"><\/span>Conclusion<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>I hope this blog post leaves you with enough knowledge about when and how to start coding with children. In case you can recommend resources that are not listed yet or have thoughts on this topic you are welcome to send me an e-mail. Happy coding!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>If you are a parent yourself, an expecting parent, a grandparent, godparent, teacher or just a friend of children, this blog post will leave you with enough knowledge to understand **when** and **how** to start coding with children. I hope you enjoy learning about this as much as I did!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":194,"featured_media":58248,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"ep_exclude_from_search":false,"footnotes":""},"tags":[],"service":[420,948],"coauthors":[{"id":194,"display_name":"Anna-Lena Popkes","user_nicename":"apopkes"}],"class_list":["post-53712","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","service-apps","service-robotics"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>When and How to Start Coding With Kids - inovex GmbH<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"this blog post will leave you with enough knowledge to understand **when** and **how** to start coding with children.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/alpopkes.com\/posts\/python\/coding_with_kids\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"de_DE\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"When and How to Start Coding With Kids - 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